Napredak na NATO putu
Napomena:
Gost blogger ove sedmice je Tamir Waser, politički savjetnik u Misiji SAD-a pri NATO-u i bivši šef
političkog odjela Ambasade SAD-a u Sarajevu.
Sedam dana prije
isticanje roka - 30. novembra, Predsjedništvo Bosne i Hercegovine usvojilo je Pregled
odbrane koji daje smjernice za budući broj vojnika i strukturu Oružanih snaga
BiH (OS BiH) i definiše plan za modernizaciju OS BiH. Ove sedmice, ministri vanjskih poslova
zemalja članica NATO saveza obećali su pomoć Saveza u provedbi ovih
reformi. Ovo možda zvuči kao diplomatski
rječnik koji ne znači ništa, ali ova dva koraka predstavljaju stvarni napredak
na putu Bosne i Hercegovine ka NATO savezu.
Pregled odbrane je bila tema tokom
nekih od mojih prvih sastanaka kada sam došao u Ambasadu u Sarajevu 2011.
godine. Tokom pet godina nakon toga, sva
pitanja koja prečesto otežavaju provedbu reformi u BiH – suprotstavljene
agende, unutarnja neslaganja, tromost birokratije – usporavala su napredak po
ovom pitanju. Na kraju su, ipak, članovi
Predsjedništva i rukovodstvo Ministarstva odbrane postigli kompromis –
vjerovatno niko nije dobio sve što je želio, ali su zajedno došli do konsenzusa
koji je dobar za BiH u određivanju realnih smjernica za budućnost kada je riječ
o veličini i strukturi Oružanih snaga.
Za vrijeme mog boravka u BiH i
u godinama nakon toga, također sam čuo da je put BiH ka NATO savezu “blokiran”
zbog talinskog uslova o knjiženju vojne imovine. Taj argument, međutim, zanemaruje činjenicu
da je 2010. u Talinu Bosna i Hercegovina primljena u Akcioni plan za članstvo i
prepoznata kao zemlja koja zvanično nastoji da postane članica NATO
saveza. Ono što BiH nije u mogućnosti
sada uraditi je dostaviti svoj Godišnji nacionalni plan (ANP). Šta je ANP?
To je plan kojim se zemlja obavezuje na provedbu niza reformi vezanih za
NATO koje osiguravaju da zemlja zadovoljava standarde NATO saveza u svojim
odbrambenim i sigurnosnim strukturama i da je privržena vrijednostima saveza.
Nakon što je završen Pregled
odbrane uz značajne konsultacije sa Štabom NATO saveza u Sarajevu i nakon što
su se ministri vanjskih poslova složili da pruže podršku njegovoj provedbi, BiH
će moći raditi na odbrambenim i sigurnosnim reformama radi ispunjenja NATO
standarda koje bi provodila u sklopu Godišnjeg nacionalnog plana. Drugim riječima, put nije blokiran i sada će
se fokus preusmjeriti na to da se sadržaj Pregleda odbrane pretvori u
konkretne, neophodne reforme – a NATO će u tome pomoći.
Pored toga, NATO razmatra načine da se BiH dodatno politički
angažuje da bi se reafirmisala činjenica da je na državnom nivou postignut
konsenzus o budućnosti OS BiH i da se poduzimaju ozbiljne aktivnosti kako bi se
riješila otvorena pitanja unutar OS BiH.
Ovo je u skladu sa kontinuiranim angažmanom NATO saveza u regionu,
uključujući istorijski i srdačan sastanak srbijanskog premijera Vučića sa
Sjeverno-atlantskim vijećem prošlog mjeseca, prošlogodišnju pozivnicu Crnoj
Gori da se priključi NATO savezu, kao i našu kontinuiranu ulogu na Kosovu.
###
Progress on the NATO Path
Note: Guest
blogger this week is Tamir Waser, the Political Advisor at the U.S. Mission to
NATO and a former Political Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo
One week before its November 30 deadline, the Presidency of
Bosnia and Herzegovina approved the defense review, providing guidelines for
the future size and structure of the Armed Forces of BiH (AFBiH), as well as a
plan for AFBiH modernization. This week, NATO foreign ministers pledged NATO
assistance in implementing these reforms. This may sound like diplomatic speak
that doesn't mean anything, but these two steps mark real progress on BiH's
path to NATO.
The defense review was a topic in some of my first meetings
on arriving to the Embassy in Sarajevo in 2011. In the five years since, all
the issues that too often hamper reform in BiH - conflicting agendas,
infighting, bureaucratic inertia - each played a role in slowing it down. In the end, though, the
members of the Presidency and Ministry of Defense management team found a
compromise - probably none of them got all they wanted but together they forged
a consensus agreement that was good for BiH in setting realistic future
directions for the size and structure of the Armed Forces.
During my time in BiH and in the years since, I also heard
that BiH's path to NATO was "blocked" by the Tallinn condition on
defense property. But that argument misses the point that in 2010 at Tallinn,
Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted to the Membership Action Plan and
recognized as an official aspirant for NATO membership. What BiH cannot do
right now is submit an Annual National Plan. What is an ANP? It is a
plan for a series of reforms that a country pledges to undertake to address
concerns from NATO to ensure a country is up to NATO standards both in its
defense and security structures and in its adherence to NATO values.
With the completion of the defense review, on which NATO HQ
Sarajevo was heavily consulted, and the agreement by foreign ministers to
provide help in its implementation, BiH will be able to work on the kinds of
defense and security reforms to meet NATO standards that it would do under an
ANP. Put another way, the path is not blocked and the focus will now be on
turning the words of the defense review into concrete, necessary reforms - and
NATO will help with that.
Additionally, NATO is considering ways to engage BiH even
more on a political level to acknowledge that at the state level we have seen
consensus on the future of the AFBiH and serious efforts to address long
standing issues in them. This is consistent with NATO's continued engagement
with the region, including the historic and warm meeting of Serbian PM Vucic at
the NAC last month, last year’s invitation to Montenegro to join NATO, and our
continued role in Kosovo.
For more than 20 years, NATO has made a commitment to the
people of the Western Balkans - to help ensure the peace, to support reforms,
and to remain open to new members from the region - in accordance with the
stated priorities of those countries. As NATO Secretary
General Stoltenberg said this week about the Western Balkans, “we must
do more to support reform and stability, with more political dialogue, more
practical cooperation, and by working even more closely with the European
Union. Because stability in the Western Balkans brings greater security to
Europe.” This week's decision that NATO will help
BiH implement the defense review is consistent with that view; BiH took an
important action and NATO responded with concrete support. It is my personal
hope that we will see more steps like this in future.
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