Obraćanje Nicholasa Hilla, otpravnika poslova Ambasade SAD-a u BiH Svečana ceremonija dodjele diploma Američkog univerziteta u BiH
Obraćanje
Nicholasa Hilla, otpravnika poslova Ambasade SAD-a u BiH
Svečana
ceremonija dodjele diploma Američkog univerziteta u BiH
Tuzla, 12. juli
2014. godine
Dobro jutro. Velika mi je čast biti s vama
danas u ovom izuzetno važnom trenutku za vas, diplomce, i vaše porodice.
Puno hvala za saradnju i predsjedniku
Američkog univerziteta u Bosni i Hercegovini, Esmiru Ganiću i svim profesorima
i osoblju. Zadovoljstvo nam je da možemo sarađivati sa vašim univerzitetom i
podržati vaša nastojanja da mladim ljudima u ovoj zemlji date priliku da se
školuju na američki način.
Uopšteno govoreći, ja sam optimista u vezi sa
budućnošću Bosne i Hercegovine i vašim izgledima da – na kraju – dobijete posao
i bolje živite. Mladi u ovoj zemlji su pametni i vrijedni, spremni za suočavanje sa izazovima. Ali, moram
biti iskren i reći da je tih izazova puno. Nedavna prošlost ove zemlje i
regiona bila je brutalna.
Dozvolite
da se fokusiram na jedan aspekt iz ove bliske prošlosti koji tako dobro
objašnjava destruktivne patologije koje su i dalje prisutne u ovoj zemlji i
prepreka su na njenom putu u 21. stoljeće, na putu reformi – putu koji je
toliko neophodan za prosperitet i nova radna mjesta..
Ovdje mislim na etničku politiku.
Stoljećima je u ovoj regiji postojalo nešto
više od etnički motiviranog ubijanja i destrukcije. Neću navoditi sve bitke i
sve strahote koje su iskusili stanovnici ove regije, no njihov broj je
beskrajan, i puno je krivice i puno je žrtava na svim stranama.
U Titovo vrijeme, etničke tenzije među
različitim narodima držane su pod kontrolom. Građanima nije bilo dozvoljeno
puno o tome govoriti. Nisam ja taj koji bi trebao danas suditi o tom pristupu.
Na kraju krajeva, pitanje tih neprijateljstava nije riješeno i ona su ponovno
isplivala na površinu u pogodnom trenutku.
Slobodan Milošević nije prvi politički lider u
Jugoslaviji poslije Tita koji se okoristio ovim etničkim tenzijama da bi došao
na vlast i učvrstio svoju poziciju, ali je sigurno najuspješniji. U martu 1991,
stotine hiljada Jugoslovena izašli su na ulice Beograda i demonstrirali protiv
korupcije i loše vladavine vlastodržaca. Bilo je to vrijeme puno naboja koje je
nastupilo vrlo brzo nakon velikog oslobođenja Istočne Evrope čiji je simbol bio
pad Berlinskog zida, te se na vođstvo u Beogradu sve više gledalo kao na staru
gardu koja nije u dodiru sa demokratskim proljećem.
A tadašnji srbijanski predsjednik Milošević
osjetio je na svojoj koži bijes mase frustrirane zbog zaostajanja zemlje koja
je nekada bila daleko ispred ostalih istočnoevropskih zemalja. Pogrešno
upravljanje privredom i korupcija bili su sveprisutni. Uz pomoć JNA, Milošević
je silom savladao mase i potom krenuo putem koji je vratio etničke politike –
i, što je još važnije, etničke mržnje, u prvi plan. To je taktika koju je prvi
put iskoristio osamdesetih godina na Kosovu.
Milošević je iskoristio medije da
podigne tenzije. I sam bankar u komunističkoj eri, aparatčik, preuzeo je
otrovni jezik nacionalista—uključujući ljude koje je vjerovatno jedva bio u
stanju da razumije, poput Dobrice Ćosića—da bi pridobio svoje pleme, dok su
drugi u Sarajevu i Zagrebu imali sličan pristup da bi u svojim plemenima dobili
podršku. A zbog duge povijesti etničkih tenzija i nemira u regiji, strategija poticanja
osjećanja žrtvom i bijesa dala je rezultate.
Uslijedila su četiri rata—u Sloveniji,
Hrvatskoj, Bosni i na Kosovu. Živio sam u Beogradu krajem devedesetih prošlog
stoljeća i gledao kako Milošević koristi istu formulu etniciteta koju je
koristio i 1991. da bi odvukao pažnju građana nakon masovnih demonstracija koje
su izbile u Beogradu i drugim srbijanskim gradovima 1996-97. zbog pokušaja da
se velika pobjeda opozicije na općinskim
izborima poništi.
Zašto li ja sada kopam po ovoj sumornoj
historiji? Jer je ona bitna za razumijevanje današnjih problema Bosne i
Hercegovine. Kao što znate, etnička politika upravlja sudbinom ove zemlje više
nego što je to slučaj u Hrvatskoj ili Sloveniji ili na Kosovu—niko ne poriče da
se u ovom dijelu svijeta stoljećima događalo strašno međuetničko nasilje, a
kada se ljudi fokusiraju na prošlost, njihovim se strastima može lako
manipulisati. Ova manipulacija etničkim osjećanjima u moderno doba je
zaostavština Slobodana Miloševića i etničkih mržnji koje je on—i “nacionalisti”
iz drugih etničkih skupina—iskoristio krajem osamdesetih i početkom devedesetih
prošlog stoljeća da bi došao na vlast i ostao na vlasti.
Tragična je činjenica da danas, nekih
devetnaest godina poslije Daytona, političkim sistemom Bosne i Hercegovine
dominira etnička politika. Baš kao što je Milošević, bankar u doba socijalizma,
iskoristio etničke mržnje i počeo ratove da bi odvukao pažnju građana od
njegove korumpirane vlasti, političari u Bosni i Hercegovini danas igraju na
istu patološku kartu i koriste je još više u svojoj retorici i nastavnim planovima
i programima koje često kontrolišu.
Ono što je u tome dobro jeste da su pronašli
načina da, koristeći daytonske strukture, održavaju etničke tenzije na istom
nivou bez pokretanja ratova. Današnji etnički ratovi su, rekao mi je jedan
visokorangirani političar pola u šali, pola u zbilji, “virtualni—poput video
igrica”. Nemojmo umanjivati ovo postignuće. U ovoj zemlji je mir već skoro
dvije decenije i to je jako dobro.
Ono što je loše je što politički lideri i
njihove stranke uspijevaju ostati na vlasti uprkos tome što ne rade skoro ništa
da poboljšaju život građana. Zemlja je ekonomski uništena. Nakon socijalizma,
bilo je vrlo malo prestruktuiranja. Stopa nezaposlenosti je preko 25 procenata,
a među mladima prelazi 60 posto. Mladi ljudi odrasli su u etnički podijeljenim
školama. Korupcija na svim nivoima vlasti je endemska. Cinizam je metastazirao.
Politički lideri su poslije rata naslijedili
sistem koji je omogućio da institucije ove zemlje pretvore u izvor zarade—ne za
birače, ne za građane, nego za njih same. A kada politički lideri osjete da su
birači bijesni i ljuti, oni samo pritisnu dugmad za etničko djelovanje. U
februaru smo vidjeli ljutite građane ogorčene zbog neefikasnosti političara,
ali ništa se nije dogodilo u pogledu reformi. Korumpirani srpski i hrvatski
lideri rekli su da je ta ispoljena ljutnja, po svojoj prirodi, bila bošnjačka.
A to je najdalje od istine. Ljutnja je bila
ljutnja onih koji nemaju prema onima koji imaju. Bošnjaci, Srbi, Hrvati,
Ostali—nebitno je. Korupcija i nepostojanje ekonomskih prilika su fenomeni koji
ne poznaju etničke podjele. Ljudi pate. I tačka. I njihova patnja će trajati
sve dok prihvataju da njima manipulišu političari koji igraju na kartu neprijateljstava
koja je Slobodan Milošević ponovno iskopao osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća.
SAD su intervenisale
1995. godine kako bi se zaustavio rat. Nažalost, tada su etnički odnosi u
zemlji bili na najnižem
nivou u njenoj povijesti. A to govori mnogo, s obzirom na njenu prošlost.
Radeći sa političkim rukovodstvom na svim stranama koje su, najblaže rečeno,
bile problematične, a ponekad i kriminalne, postigli smo kompromisni okvir koji
je zabetonirao etničke podjele koje su tada bile na najnižem nivou u istoriji
zemlje, omogućavajući svakoj etničkoj grupi da koristi veto kako bi se
zaustavio napredak zemlje. Ova “kolektivna odgovornost” je mutirala u
“kolektivno izbjegavanje odgovornosti”.
Lako je sa ove vremenske
distance biti kritičan prema ulozi SAD u stvaranju današnje ustavne strukture.
I ja to radim, iako je besmisleno vraćati se u prošlost. Svi moramo raditi na
iznalaženju ustavne strukture koja će ovu zemlju, nakon dugogodišnjeg zastoja,
dovesti u 21. stoljeće. Ja sam uvjeren
da možemo doći do nove strukture koja će zahtijevati od političara na vlasti odgovornost i za njihove uspjehe i
neuspjehe, a građanima svih etničkih grupa omogućiti da žive bolje nego sada.
Danas živimo sa dubokim, vještačkim etničkim
podjelama, ne zato što one odgovaraju potrebama građana, već zato što one
omogućavaju političkim liderima da se prema svojim biračima odnose po principu
“zavadi, pa vladaj”. Vidimo to u Mostaru gdje građani sa obje strane
bošnjačko–hrvatskih podjela traže kompromis kako bi živjeli u miru, ali dvije
najveće političke stranke su zauzele tvrde položaje u borbi za ekonomski plijen
grada. Korupcija u Mostaru plaši i tjera
privatna ulaganja kojima bi se stvarala nova radna mjesta, što je trend kojim
se učvršćuje moć vladajućih klika. Građanima koji se usude protestvovati kaže
se da bi mogli izgubiti svoje povlaštene poslove u javnom sektoru. Danas je
Mostar žarište, a sutra bi to mogao biti bilo koji drugi grad.
U Republici Srpskoj ključa nezadovoljstvo zbog
endemske korupcije lidera ovog entiteta, kronizma, dilova kojima se bogate
članovi porodice, priča o luksuznim nekretninama u Beogradu i na Kipru, o
sudijama RS koji su pritegnuti kako bi ignorisali mito i osigurali da predmeti
korupcije nikada ne ugledaju svjetlo dana u sudnicama. I umjesto da rješava aktuelne probleme, lider
RS mijenja temu.
On smišlja lažne priče da bi izazvao strah,
neodređeno navodeći da su se tamo neki namjerili da ukinu RS, te podstiče
paranoju među građanima. Najnovije
izvrtanje stvarnosti koje dolazi iz Banje Luke tiče se uskraćivanja podrške
izmjenama i dopunama Krivičnog zakona na državnom nivou kako bi se počeo primjenjivati Zakon o
sprečavanju pranja novca. Trebamo
promisliti i upitati se ko bi to mogao
biti protiv ispunjavanja međunarodne obaveze sprečavanja pranja novca? Besramno
je navoditi odbranu RS kao razlog za takvu
odluku, jer obični građani u RS žele spriječiti pranje novca kao i svi drugi.
Cinično korištenje etničke politike ovu zemlju
vuče unazad. Postalo je uobičajeno
gledati kako najbolji i najpametniji mladi ljudi ove zemlje pakuju kofere i odlaze
na Zapad u potrazi za poslom. U porodicama svih etničkih grupa postoji
generacijska praznina i to ne zato što je to neizbježno. To se događa, jer političko rukovodstvo ove
zemlje nije stvorilo ekonomsku klimu u kojoj bi se otvarala nova radna mjesta i
zadržali ovi mladi ljudi u zemlji u kojoj su odrasli.
Ovdje je izborna koreografija takva da je
potrebno da se vladajuće političke stranke predstave kao sudionici ogorčenih
etničkih svađa. Prečesto se u izbornim kampanjama potencira netolerancija. Ali
kad nisu izloženi javnosti, lideri se u duhu “bratstva i jedinstva” veoma dobro
slažu. Neki od slučajeva o kojima se vode istrage, a o kojima su mediji nedavno
izvještavali, pokazuju kako elite nemaju problema da sarađuju preko etničkih
linija kada je u pitanju krađa novca iz budžeta.
Istovremeno su neki od tih istih političara
uznemireni međuetničkom saradnjom nakon nedavnih poplava. Osuđuju ljude koji su pomagali svojim
komšijama druge nacionalnosti, ljude čija hrabrost i humanost prijeti da
razotkrije priče o etničkim tenzijama na kojima politički lideri ustrajno grade
karijere.
Dobra vijest je da su građani počeli shvatati
u čemu je problem. Shvataju da je politički sistem koji slavi etničke podjele
taj koji, u sadašnjoj organizaciji, omogućava političarima da budu neodgovorni
prema javnosti. To mora prestati. Da bi
se riješio cijeli niz problema, ono što je ovoj zemlji najhitnije potrebno su
institucionalne reforme koje promovišu odgovorne vlasti, gdje izbori imaju
stvarne posljedice i gdje loši političari
bivaju svrgnuti sa vlasti.
Politički lideri ne smiju biti nagrađivani na
osnovu toga koliko dobro mogu stvarati etničke tenzije ili ih retorikom
izazivati – niti na osnovu toga koliko dobro mogu “braniti” svako svoju
naciju. Političke vođe treba cijeniti
prema broju radnih mjesta koje mogu osigurati i količini prosperiteta. Treba ih cijeniti prema tome koliko
kilometara puta mogu popraviti bez “ugrađivanja” ličnih interesa u ugovore o
javnim radovima. Treba ih cijeniti prema
tome koliko mogu uraditi da bi bolnice bile u stanju pružiti kvalitetnu
medicinsku uslugu i da bi škole kvalitetno djecu podučavale matematiku ili
jezik.
Vrijeme je da se eliminiše etnički zasnovana
politika koja omogućava korupciju koju je Slobodan Milošević oživio osamdesetih,
a koju su politički lideri u ovoj zemlji – Miloševićevi nasljednici – dobili u
nasljeđe i koje se još uvijek drže, skoro već dvadeset godina od kraja rata. Ovdje,
svakako, moram spomenuti da i u nacionalnim strankama ima poštenih političara,
baš kao što i u multietničkim strankama ima nepoštenih političara.
Ja sam ipak optimista, nakon putovanja ovom
zemljom i brojnih susreta sa mladim ljudima, jer se građani BiH – u oba
entiteta – sve više zgražavaju nad etničkom politikom i neodgovornim sistemom
koji je etnička politika pomogla uspostaviti.
Ovo je predivna zemlja, čiji pejsaži oduzimaju dah i čiji su stanovnici
inteligentni i marljivi, i ako mogu dodati, duhoviti ljudi. Mnogi koje sam sreo nose u sebi duboku tugu
zbog nesretnih životnih okolnosti, a njihovo poštenje i nepatvorenost su
impresivni.
Optimista sam, jer je vaša generacija spremna
odbaciti mračno doba nacionalizma velikog broja političara koji prodaju prazne
slogane dok pune svoje džepove. Vaša generacija zahtijeva odgovorne institucije
koje doprinose prosperitetu, a ne etničkim tenzijama. Optimista sam, jer vidim
aktiviste nevladinog sektora, novinare, umjetnike, intelektualce, obične ljude,
koji se, ma kako usamljeni ponekad izgledali, bore protiv podjela, korupcije i
manipulacija.
###
Speech by Chargé
d’Affaires of the U.S. Embassy to BiH Nicholas Hill
American University in BiH 5th Commencement Ceremony
Tuzla, July 12, 2014
Good morning.
It is a great honor to be here with you today to share what is an
incredibly special moment for you the graduates, and for your families. Many thanks as well to the President of the American
University of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Esmir Ganić, and all of the faculty and
staff. We are pleased to be able to
cooperate with your university and support your efforts to provide an
American-style education to the young people of this country.
I am generally optimistic about the future of Bosnia
and Herzegovina and your prospects—eventually—to find work and a better
life. The young people of this country
are clever and hard-working, resilient in the face of obstacles. But I have to be frank about the obstacles:
they are enormous. The recent past has
been brutal to this country and to this region.
Allow me to zero in on one aspect of this
recent history that explains so much the destructive pathologies that continue
to weigh on this country and to prevent it from moving into the 21st
century, and prevent it from going down a reform path—a path that is so urgently
needed to bring prosperity and jobs.
I’m talking about ethnic politics.
Over the centuries this region has seen more
than its share of ethnically motivated death and destruction. I won’t name all the battles and all the
atrocities that have visited the people of this region, but they are countless,
and there is plenty of guilt and there are plenty of victims on all sides.
During Tito’s time the ethnic grievances
between peoples were kept in check.
Citizens were restricted in how much they could talk about them. It’s not for me to judge that approach today. Ultimately, the enmities were not addressed
and they reemerged when conveniently encouraged.
Slobodan Milosevic was not the first, but he
was the most effective political leader in post-Tito Yugoslavia to tap into
these ethnic grievances, first to take power and then to consolidate his hold
on power. In March 1991 hundreds of
thousands of Yugoslavs took to the streets of Belgrade to protest the
corruption and the misrule of those in power.
These were heady times, coming so soon after the great liberation of eastern
Europe symbolized when the Berlin Wall came down, and the Belgrade leadership
was increasingly seen as the old guard out of touch with the democratic spring.
And the then-Serbian President, Milosevic,
found himself on the receiving end of angry crowds frustrated that a country
that once had been so far ahead of other eastern European states was falling
behind. Economic mismanagement and
corruption were rife. With the help of
the JNA, Milosevic put down those crowds and then he embarked on a course that
would propel ethnic politics—and, more importantly, ethnic hatreds—to center
stage, a tactic he had first used in Kosovo in the eighties.
Milosevic harnessed the media to gin up
tensions. A communist-era banker
himself, an apparatchik, he borrowed the virulent language of nationalists—including
people he could probably scarcely understand, such as Dobrica Cosic—to curry
the support of his tribe, while others in Sarajevo and Zagreb followed a
similar approach to bring their tribes in line.
And because of the long history of ethnic tensions and unrest in the
region, the strategy of stirring a sense of victimhood and anger had
resonance.
Four wars followed—in Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia, and Kosovo. I lived in Belgrade
in the late nineties and watched as Milosevic used the same ethnicity-based
formula he used in 1991 to distract peoples’ attention after mass protests
erupted in Belgrade in 1996-97 and other Serbian cities over attempts to
reverse major opposition victories in municipal elections.
Why am I dredging up all this gloomy history
now? Because it matters in order to
understand Bosnia and Herzegovina’s problems today. As you know, more so than in Croatia, or
Slovenia, or Kosovo, ethnic politics drive this country’s fate—nobody denies
that this part of the world has seen horrible inter-ethnic violence over the
centuries and if people fixate on the past their passions can be easily manipulated. This manipulation of ethnic grievances in the
modern era is the legacy of Slobodan Milosevic and the ethnic hatreds that he—and
“nationalists” of other ethnic stripes—tapped into in the late eighties and
early nineties to get to power and stay in power.
Tragically, today in BiH some 19 years after
Dayton, ethnic politics dominate this country’s political landscape. Just as Milosevic, the former Socialist era
banker, tapped into ethnic hatreds and started wars to distract people from the
corruption of his rule, politicians in today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina tap into
the same pathologies and reinforce it in their rhetoric and in the education
curricula they often control.
The good news is that they have figured out a
way, using the Dayton structures, to maintain ethnic tensions without actually
launching wars. Today’s ethnic wars, a
senior politician told me recently half-jokingly, are “virtual—like video
games.” And let’s not minimize this
feat. This country has been at peace for
almost two decades and this is a very good thing.
The bad news is that the political leaders and
their parties have been able to stay in power despite doing scant little to
improve the conditions of citizens. The
country is in economic ruins. There has
been little restructuring after socialist times. Unemployment is over 25 percent, youth
unemployment is almost 60 percent. Young
people have grown up in schools divided along ethnic lines. Corruption at all levels of government is
endemic. Cynicism has metastasized.
The political leaders inherited a system after
the war that allowed them to turn the institutions of this country into a
money-making machine—not for the voters, not for the citizens, but for
themselves. And when political leaders
feel the anger and heat of voters, they push ethnic buttons. In February we saw angry citizens outraged at
the fecklessness of the political class, but nothing in the way of a reform
agenda emerged. Corrupt leaders in the
Serb community and the Croat community said the anger was Bosniak in nature.
And yet there is nothing further from the
truth. The anger is of the have-nots
against the haves. Bosniaks, Serbs,
Croats, Others—it doesn’t matter. The
corruption and the absence of economic opportunity cut across ethnic
lines. People suffer. Full stop.
And they will go on suffering as long as they agree to be manipulated by
a political class that taps into the enmities that Slobodan Milosevic
rediscovered in the eighties.
The United States stepped in to stop a war in
1995. Unfortunately, we encountered a
country with ethnic relations at their worst in history. And that says a lot, given the history. Working with a political leadership on all
sides problematic at best, criminal at worst, we arrived at a compromise
framework that locked in ethnic divisions at their worst moment in the
country’s history, giving each ethnic group effectively a veto over efforts to
move the country forward. This
“collective responsibility” mutated into “collective avoidance of
responsibility.”
It is easy in hindsight to criticize the U.S.
role in developing today’s constitutional structures. I do it myself. But it is pointless to look backwards. We all need to work to develop constitutional
structures that move this country—after being stalled for so long—into the 21st
century. And I am confident that we can
arrive at new structures that make politicians in power responsible for their
successes and failures and leave people of all ethnic groups better off than
they are today.
We live with deep, artificial ethnic divisions
today not because they fit the needs of citizens, but because they enable
political leaders to divide and conquer their constituents. We see this in Mostar where citizens on both
sides of the Croat-Bosniak divide seek compromise to live in peace, but the two
largest political parties are locked in a battle over the economic spoils of
the city. Corruption in Mostar has
scared away private businesses and jobs—a trend which has reinforced the power
of the ruling cliques. Citizens who dare
to protest are told they may lose their public sector patronage jobs. Mostar is today’s flashpoint, but any town
could be the next.
There is seething dissatisfaction in Republika
Srpska aimed at the endemic corruption of the leader of the entity, the
cronyism, the deals that enrich family members, the stories about luxurious
real estate holdings in Belgrade or Cyprus, the screws being turned on RS
judges to ignore graft and ensure that corruption cases never see the light of
a court room. And rather than address
the issues at hand, the RS leader changes the subject.
He conjures up fake stories and promotes fear,
suggesting vaguely that some are out to eliminate Republika Srpska, encouraging
the paranoia of citizens. The most
recent twisting of reality out of Banja Luka was the refusal to support
amendments to the criminal code at the state level to enforce a money
laundering bill. We have to pause and reflect
and ask ourselves, who could possibly be opposed to an international obligation
to fight money laundering? And to
suggest that defending the RS is behind the decision shows chutzpah; ordinary
citizens in the RS want to fight money laundering as strongly as anybody else.
Cynical use of ethnic politics is driving this
country backwards. Watching the best and
the brightest of this country’s youth pack their bags and move to the West in
search of jobs has become too common a story.
Families of all ethnicities are being divided along generational lines
not because of some unavoidable trend.
They are divided because the country’s political leadership has failed
to develop a business climate that creates jobs that can keep these young
people in the country where they grew up.
The choreography of elections here is such
that incumbent political parties need to be shown as embroiled in bitter ethnic
disputes. Too often elections amplify
intolerance. But in back rooms the
leaders, in the spirit of “brotherhood and unity,” get along famously well
together. Some of the recent high
profile cases under investigation show how elites do not have a problem working
across ethnic lines to steal from the budget.
At the same time some of these same politicians
were alarmed by inter-ethnic cooperation after the recent floods. They condemned people who cooperated with
their neighbors of different ethnicities—people whose courage and humanity
threatened to unravel the narrative of ethnic tension the political leaders
have spent their careers trying to maintain.
The good news is that citizens are waking up
to the problem. They recognize that a
political system that celebrates ethnic divisions is one that, in the current
structures, leaves political leaders unaccountable to the public. This cannot continue. In order to fix a whole range of problems,
what this country most urgently needs is institutional reform that promotes accountable
government, where elections have greater consequences and bad politicians are voted
out of power.
And political leaders must not be rewarded
based on how well they can create ethnic tension or talk about it—or how well
they can “defend” their respective nations.
Political leaders should be judged on how well they deliver jobs and
prosperity. They should be judged on how
well they build and fix roads without skimming off public works contracts. They should be judged on how well the
hospitals deliver medical care and how well the schools teach children reading
and arithmetic.
It’s time to bury the ethnic-based,
corruption-enabling politics that Slobodan Milosevic resuscitated in the
eighties and which the political leaders in this country—Milosevic’s heirs—inherited
and still cling to almost 20 years after the war. As a caveat, of course, I should note that there
are honest politicians from parties with nationalist platforms, just as there
are dishonest politicians from parties with multi-ethnic platforms.
I am optimistic, based on the young people I
have met while traveling in this country, that the citizens of BiH—in both
entities—are increasingly disgusted with ethnic politics and the unaccountable
system that ethnic politics have helped to create. This is a beautiful country, with a
breathtaking landscape, populated by a clever, hardworking, and I may add witty
people. There is so often a forlorn
quality to the people I have met, owing to their own difficult experiences, but
I am also so often impressed by their honesty and genuineness.
I am optimistic because your generation is
poised to reject the Dark Age nationalism of so many politicians who peddle
empty slogans while they pick your pockets.
As you graduate, your generation is demanding accountable institutions
that contribute to prosperity and not ethnic tensions. I am optimistic because I see NGO activists,
journalists, artists, intellectuals, ordinary citizens, who no matter how
lonely sometimes they seem, stand against divisions, corruption, and
manipulation.
I’m hoping you will demand that political
leaders focus on what really matters to the lives of citizens: fighting
corruption, creating good jobs, and getting this country back on the right
course. Only with your active
involvement, and the involvement of other young people of your generation
across the country, will a cleaner, more accountable, less corrupt political
system emerge. And a renaissance will
finally bring this country into the 21st century.
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